Incilius holdridgei
This small toad lives exclusively in the montane rainforests of the central mountain range in Costa Rica. Though it was once thought extinct, the species was rediscovered in 2010. Adults are dark brown or black on their backs and have broad heads with low crests. They are covered in reddish warts and possess a smooth, round parotoid gland of the same color. Males reach up to 46 mm in length, while females are slightly larger. Because these toads lack ear structures and vocal sacs, they are both deaf and mute.
Holdridge's Toad is a burrowing creature that spends much of its time hidden beneath leaf litter or underground. It is most active during the day or at twilight. While it prefers mossy banks near streams during dry weather, it may move into open grassy areas or man-made ditches during heavy rain. Its diet is varied, consisting of spiders, mites, ants, and the larvae of moths and butterflies.
Breeding occurs in April and May when the toads gather at forest pools. These are explosive breeders; females stay at the water for only about an hour to lay their eggs. Despite their resilience, the population is very small, likely consisting of fewer than 50 adults. The primary threat to their survival is a fungal pathogen called chytrid, which infects their skin. They also face risks from climate change, habitat loss, and potential predation, as many individuals have been found with missing limbs.
Written from the English Wikipedia article Holdridge's toad (CC BY-SA 4.0).
These are open occurrence records, so they show where people looked for and recorded the Holdridge's Toad as much as where it lives. Cells are up to 25 km across, and every location is generalised to its cell.
Where and when you can expect to see Holdridge's Toad is calculated from observation density. No zones have been computed for this species yet.